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Elevated fatty acids (FAs) activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in macrophages, which act in synergy with MSU crystals to trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release (e.g., IL-1), thereby initiating the inflammatory cascade

Moreover, batch-to-batch reproducibility, large-scale manufacturing, and regulatory hurdles remain significant barriers to clinical translation

Axiak-Bechtel SM, Upendran A, Lattimer JC, Kelsey J, Cutler CS, Selting KA, et al

Mild headaches or dizziness: Rest in a safe environment and stay hydrated

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.001

We appreciate the comments regarding the consideration of HHAs' efforts to improve quality