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Possible symptoms in such cases include wheezing, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing

Additionally, utilizing Seahorse XF assays to delve into the immunometabolism of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), research has shown that exposure to secondhand e-cigarette vapor significantly impacts macrophage metabolic profiles in both CF and non-CF cells

It is interesting that -CG challenge increased the Beclin-1 expression and the LC3II/LC3I ratio, indicating the enhancement of intestinal autophagy activity by -CG challenge

1A, Supplementary Data 3)

GSH and GSH-rich YE prevent apoptosis and inflammation in alcoholic rats The pro-apoptotic protein Bax was upregulated in the rats treated with ethanol, while the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was downregulated

1,2 Ferroptosis exhibits unique morphological and biochemical characteristics that distinguish it from other types of cell death, 3,4 it is primarily influenced by iron homeostasis, redox balance, as well as lipid metabolism in mammalian cells