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A study comparing GSH, GSSG, GPx and GR levels in the caudate region of the brain after death in schizophrenia patients and normal subjects showed that the schizophrenia group had significantly lower levels of GSH, GPx, and GR than the control group, which did not have any psychiatric disorders (24).The potential mechanism by which the reduced level of GSH affects the morphology of neurons may be through oxidative stress damage inducing lipid peroxidation, the protein denaturation, which further leads to cell membrane alterations and cytoskeletal changes, affecting the normal functioning of neuronal cells in the corresponding brain regions involved in schizophrenia (25)

This process leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which adversely affect cellular structures, contribute to the degradation of the collagen matrix, and facilitate fibrosis and adhesions through the upregulation of type III collagen and the induction of apoptosis

The utilization of nanotechnology presents a promising avenue for overcoming the limitations associated with conventional antioxidants, thereby exhibiting significant potential in the realm of antioxidant therapy

Dube, P

The cell precipitate was resuspended in Neurobasal medium (Gibco, 21103049) supplemented with 2% B-27 (Gibco, 17504044) and 0.5 mM l-glutamine, and the cells were seeded on plates pre-coated with poly-d-lysine hydrobromide (Sigma-Aldrich, P0296)

By doing this, it restores cristae structure, improves electron transport, and enhances ATP production