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Besides of the regulation of iron metabolism, NRF2 regulates GSH synthesis to defend against ferroptosis via modulating the expression of SLC7A11 and the gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) system

World J Clin Pediatr 10:8492

J Cell Mol Med 10(2):389406 Dalle-Donne I et al (2003) Protein carbonylation in human diseases

Abbreviations ROS: Reactive oxygen species PUFAs: Polyunsaturated fatty acids NOXs: NADPH oxidases XO: Xanthine oxidase mETC: Mitochondrial electron-transport chain SOD: Superoxide dismutase CAT: Catalase HNE: Hydroxynonenal PL: Phospholipid LOX: Lipoxygenase Alox: Arachidonate lipoxygenase PLA2: Phospholipase A2 GPx: Glutathione peroxidase Trx: Thioredoxin TrxR: Thioredoxin reductase GSH: Glutathione GSSG: Glutathione disulfide CoQ10: Coenzyme Q10 HIF-1 : Hypoxia inducible factor-1 MAPKs: Mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase JNK: Jun N-terminal kinase PKC: Protein kinase C CMA: Chaperone-mediated autophagy LC3: Light chain 3 mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase TSC: Tuberous sclerosis complex LIP: Labile iron pool DFO: Deferoxamine CPX: Ciclopirox

Forma zredukowana biologicznie aktywna i najlepiej przyswajalna

The haplogroup T nt 4917 variant changes an amino acid that has been conserved from the first metazoans to man, having an interspecific conservation index (CI) = 90%