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Targeting specific molecular pathways in reactive astrocytes presents additional therapeutic opportunities

pcDNA3.1-3xFlag-Grx1 was made by inserting Grx1 cDNA into the pcDNA3.1-3xFlag vector using BamHI and XhoI sites

All authors discussed the literature base and finally read and approved the final manuscript

Secondarily, the thiolate oxidizability in most biomolecules is modulated by the adjacent basic groups, since protonation of any such group exerts an electron-withdrawing effect on the thiolate

Nature 575 (7782), 299309

The cause of the succinate accumulation is proposed to be the exclusion of complex II from the supercomplex, uncoupling complex II from the ETC and allowing direct flow of electrons from complex I to complex III (167)