l carnitine congestive heart failure Safety and efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation in improving cardiac function of hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis | International Urology and Nephrology Carnitine Deficiency: What Is It,
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a-d , Two-tailed Students T-test, e , Two-tailed Mann-Whitney test, g , One-way ANOVA with Dunetts multiple comparisons test

Given the critical role of mitochondrial function in safeguarding renal integrity, the enhancement of mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant status in kidney tissue is likely involved in renal protection

Liu Y, Yu Z, Zhao S, Cheng L, Man Y, Gao X, et al

This aspect is the focus of ongoing research

10.1186/1532-429X-10-42 99

Epigenetic regulation of monocytes by lactate Although direct evidence for histone lactylation in monocytes within tumors is limited, studies of trained immunity imply its importance