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BAs may modulate gut microbiota through antimicrobial properties, with deconjugated BAs produced by bacterial bile salt hydrolases being much less toxic to gut bacteria

Advanced markers like GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), homocysteine, and plasma glutathione levels offer more specific oxidative stress and detoxification insights

Furthermore, H 2 decreased inflammatory markers, such NO, TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 (46, 47)

Cells neutralize ROS via the action of various enzyme complexes, some of which ultimately result in the oxidation of reduced GSH to the oxidized form of glutathione, GSSG 20

Journal of Clinical Oncology 43:e16067-e16067, 2025

Nitro-Fatty Acid Formation and Metabolism