levels of oxidized glutathione Reduced (GSH) and glutathione (GSSG) level in and protection against oxidative stress Reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG)

The A oligomers prepared for this study were predominantly octamers, as confirmed by immunoblot analysis (Supplementary Figure 3A)

Initial research centered around the topic of treating skin pigmentation and attempting to find a solution for related health and aesthetic issues

M.GerritsM

Abbreviations GPX4 Glutathione peroxidase 4 DAMPs Damage-associated molecular patterns MDA Malondialdehyde PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid GSH Glutathione L-OOH Lipid hydroperoxides L-OH Lipid alcohols AA Arachidonic Acid ADA Adrenic Acid PUFA-PL PUFA-containing phospholipids LOXs Lipoxygenases Tf Transferrin TfR1 Transferrin receptor 1 NCOA4 Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 ROS Reactive oxygen species Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 SLC7A11 Solute carrier family 7 member 11 FTH1 Ferritin heavy chain 1 FTL Ferritin light chain HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1 ACSL4 Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 ER Endoplasmic reticulum UPR Unfolded protein response Ca Calcium LMP Lysosomal membrane permeabilization LDs Lipid Droplets CAT Catalase ER Estrogen receptor EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition DRP1 Dynamin-related protein 1 ALOX15 Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase ILC2s Type 2 innate lymphoid cells ATF4 Activating transcription factor 4 Th17 T helper 17 cell MEF2C Myocyte enhancer factor 2C Tregs Regulatory T cells HAMP Hepcidin FPN Ferroportin FADS1 Fatty acid desaturase 1 HMGB1 High-mobility group box 1 TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4 IL-1 Interleukin-1 beta TNF- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha IL-33 Interleukin-33 4-HNE 4-Hydroxynonenal ATP Adenosine triphosphate NLRP3 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 IL-18 Interleukin-18 BALF Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid siRNA Small interfering RNA PPAR Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma IFN- Interferon-gamma NETs Neutrophil extracellular traps FSP1 Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 PD-1 Programmed cell death protein 1 PD-L1 Programmed death-ligand 1 TIM-3 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase NF-B Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells lncRNAs Long non-coding RNAs LINC01133 Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1133 DBP Dibutyl phthalate PDE4 Phosphodiesterase-4 MSCs Mesenchymal stem cells MRI Magnetic resonance imaging

Nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments were performed on a Quantachrome Autosorb iQ one-stop adsorption apparatus (77 K)

10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32003 121 SavijokiK.MyllymkiH.LuukinenH.PaulamkiL.Vanha-AhoL