how to store b12 injections The Do B12 Shots Expire or

Nature Communications

If you eat a well-balanced diet that includes foods rich in vitamin B12, then it is unlikely that youll need to take additional B12

Potential side effects of ingesting large quantities of B vitamins can be diarrhea, swelling of the throat and lips and difficulty breathing

Risk factors that should prompt consideration of B12 deficiency include advancing age (reduced stomach acid production), strict vegan or vegetarian diets, pernicious anaemia, gastrointestinal surgery (particularly gastric bypass or ileal resection), long-term use of certain medications (metformin, proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists), nitrous oxide exposure (including recreational use), and conditions affecting the gut such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease

There is no human trial of this exact combination, so the evidence here is built from studies on the individual components, most of it preclinical

If you experience symptoms like swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing, seek medical help right away