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Abbreviations 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate AGEs: Advanced Glycation End Products ARE: Antioxidant Response Elements ADMA: Asymmetric Dimethylarginine BAX: BCL2-Associated X Protein BCAAs: Branched-Chain Amino Acids CAT: Catalase Cyt c: Cytochrome c Drp1: Dynamin-Related Protein 1 ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum ERK1/2: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases FoxO1: Forkhead Box O1 GCL: Glutamate Cysteine Ligase GCs: Granulosa Cells GLUT1: Glucose Transporter Type 1 GLUT4: Glucose Transporter Type 4 GPx: Glutathione Peroxidase GR: Glutathione Reductase GSH: Glutathione GSSG: Oxidized Glutathione GST: Glutathione-S-Transferase H2O2: Hydrogen Peroxide HA: Hyperandrogenemia HCY: Homocysteine HIF-1: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 HK2: Hexokinase 2 HO-1: Heme Oxygenase 1 IRS-1: Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 IVF-ET: In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer JNK: c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Keap: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 LDHA: Lactate Dehydrogenase A MAPK: Mitogen-Activated Pathway Kinase Mcu: Mitochondrial calcium uniporter MDA: Malondialdehyde Mfn1/2: Membrane Fusion Proteins 1 and 2 MMP: Mitochondrial Membrane Potential mPTP: mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore NAD+: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NDUFS1-AC: The Acetylation Status of NDUFS1 NO: Nitric Oxide Nrf1/2: Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 and 2 Nrf2: Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 OXPHOS: Oxidative Phosphorylation PC: Protein Carbonyl PCG-1: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Coactivator-1 PFPK: Phosphofructokinase PKM2: Pyruvate Kinase M2 PON1: Paraoxonase 1 PPM1K: Protein Phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1 K RET: Retinol ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species SIRT3: Sirtuin 3 SOA: Superoxide Anion SOD: Superoxide Dismutase TAC: Total Antioxidant Capacity TCA cycle: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle TLR2: Toll-Like Receptor 2 TOS: Total Oxidant Status TFAM: Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A VEGFA: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A XO: Xanthine Oxidase p38MAPK: p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase References Balen AH, Morley LC, Misso M, Franks S, Legro RS, Wijeyaratne CN, et al

As a result, pH-responsive NPs can change charge and/or hydrophilicity depending on the environmental pH, thereby inducing changes in NP behaviors such as rearrangement, solubilization, or disintegration [185,186]

Chidambaran V

[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Jiang H, Talaska AE, Schacht J, Sha SH

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis suggested a weak interaction between -Syn and squalamine at the C -terminal, whereas the interaction between -Syn and the lipid vesicle took place at the N -terminal [293]

however, the nanoemulsion formulation demonstrated superior efficacy in preventing motor impairments and mitochondrial dysfunction relative to free CUR (111)