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Suzuki A, Xiao L, Hayashi Y, Blum MA, Welsh J, Lin SH, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Weston B, Maru D, Rice DC, Hofstetter WL, Erasmus JJ, Swisher SG , Ajani JA

Biogerontology 11(2):139149

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981764 92 RenierNReinaudOJabinIValkenierH

10.1016/j.redox.2021.101973 108 MalatjiB

Moreover, many of these proteins have proven to be druggable and some are FDA-approved with more on the horizon

19 In summary, in order to initiate processes that lead to COPD development, cigarette smoke exposure must be partnered with other processes known to initiate emphysema development, including oxidative stresses, pro-apoptotic pathways and a protease rich environment