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Glucose starvation damages the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways, leading to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and damage to the antioxidant system, resulting in oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and cell death (Ren and Shen, 2019)

In addition, this criterion is based on the symptoms but not the cause, and based on what patients report in their questionnaires

BBB dysfunction in PD is less characterized

Exp Mol Med 52 , 14961516 (2020)

Their proper functioning is essential in cell signaling, and their disorders in migraine patients are manifested by disruption of excitationinhibition balance, neuronal excitability, and peripheral or central sensitization [60]

Following several washes with PBST, the filaments were incubated overnight at room temperature with secondary antibodies labeled with fluorescents (donkey anti-rabbit IgG labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 and goat anti-mouse IgG labeled with Alexa Fluor 488, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA) diluted 1:500 in PBST