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Neuropsychopharmacology 41 , 17681778 (2016)

C3a and C5a are critical immunomodulators that, in addition to serving as anaphylatoxins, also function as potent immunomodulatory agents through their cognate receptors (C3aR, C5aR1, and C5aR2 or C5L2), which are expressed on various innate and adaptive immune cells

The ThT kinetic curve is characterized by a lag time ( t lag , the time in which ThT fluorescence reaches 5% of its maximum), dominated by the formation of oligomeric species not detectable by ThT, followed by an elongation phase, in which pre-fibrillar structures elongate to fiber, normally characterized by a time to half ( t 1/2 , the time in which the ThT fluorescence reaches half of its maximum value) and, finally, a plateau region in which the equilibrium is reached and the ThT fluorescence reaches its maximum value I max (Figure S1 in the Supporting Information)

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Khan S.H

Replacing the sulfonic acid at position R 1 with a sulfonamide group ( 33 ) resulted in a drastic decrease in solubility of the fragment with a concomitant reduction of binding to TRF1 TRFH by CPMG, whilst the dimethyl sulfonamide 35 or the even bigger benzyl sulfonamide 36 showed an even poorer solubility and a loss of TRF1 TRFH binding (Table 1)

The experiments were conducted on Albino Wistar rats and Hartley guinea pigs