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Supplements containing this group of B vitamins are sometimes called B-complex vitamins

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peas, beans and lentils), and citrus fruit (see HealthLink BCs page on Getting Enough Folic Acid (Folate) for dietary information)

Niacinamide in high doses may affect blood sugar levels in diabetic patients

Additionally, chronic conditions such as HIV and tuberculosis have been implicated in B12 deficiency due to increased metabolic demand and altered absorption mechanisms ( The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency typically relies on low total B12 levels and elevated concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy), as well as levels of transcobalamin-bound B12 (holoTC) and methylmalonic acid (MMA), which serve as functional indicators of cobalamin insufficiency ( Vitamin B12 requirements fluctuate throughout the life course, influenced by metabolic demand and physiological changes