b12 deficiency injections or tablets vs Pills: Richmond's Complete Guide Oral vs. Intramuscular Vitamin B12

Oral B12 is most effective for people who: Follow a diet that includes plants Experience mild symptoms Need daily support to stay healthy Like taking supplements at home Do not have absorption problems The American Academy of Family Physicians explains that taking B12 works well to treat mild issues and for general supplementation, provided there are no absorption problems

Akkermansia muciniphila inversely correlates with the onset of inflammation, altered adipose tissue metabolism and metabolic disorders during obesity in mice (in Eng)

One mechanism involves reducing transforming growth factor beta-1 secretion in fibroblasts

There is also the slight risk of nerve injury with IM shots

PMID 24717514

This conclusion was drawn by measuring collagen type I levels produced by fibroblasts in a cell culture following exposure to varying concentrations of AHK