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Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, Ph.D., Carole Grenier, Zhiqing Huang, Scott Kollins, Ph.D., and Susan Murphy, Ph.D., of Duke University

Tobacco-free nicotine pouches are comparatively better than dipping tobacco

doi: 10.1007/s00213-003-1445-7

Product Formulation and Design: Be prepared to reformulate e-liquids to meet nicotine strength caps (e.g., 20mg/mL in the EU/UK) and potentially remove or alter flavors based on local laws