aerosol from e cigarettes E-cigarettes and vapes contain harmful substances like nicotine and heavy metals Rethinking Vaping
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And, says Mello, theres not even close to enough awareness about the dangers of vaping or being exposed to secondhand aerosols

Leventhal, A

doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16110 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 32.Wetendorf M, Randall LT, Lemma MT, Hurr SH, Pawlak JB, Tarran R, et al
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): At certain levels, VOCs can cause eye, nose, throat irritation, headaches, nausea, plus, can damage the liver, kidney, and nervous system

Companies that make e-cigarettes and the liquid they vaporize are continually changing the recipe, which makes the effects of the devices particularly hard to study, Mello says

4.Creamer MR, Wang TW, Babb S, Cullen KA, Day H, Willis G, et al
