cigarette smoke induces cytoplasmic p53 accumulation Mitochondrial DNA is a key driver in extract-induced IL-6 expression P53 and the Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced

This could result in heightened nicotine metabolism, making mice more susceptible to nicotine dependence later in life (Lkhagvadorj et al., 2020)

Like other miRNAs, miR34c can inhibit the transcription or initiate the degradation of target gene mRNAs by binding to the 3UTR (89)

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In addition to directly activating p53, the excessive UVR-induced ROS activate JNK and p38 MAPK, which mediate p53 activation with upregulation of target genes exhibiting a pro-oxidant role such as BAX , the tumor protein p53 inducible protein 3 ( TP53I3 or PIG3 ), PUMA , and PMAIP1 (encoding NOXA) [60]

Understanding the mechanistic interactions between VDR and mutp53, in the context of NMSC, could provide insights into therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring VDR activity

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