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At some point, vaping has been perceived as a less harmful version of tobacco smoking, but this claim is not entirely absolved of risks
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[43] A 2015 study evaluated "a variety of factors that can influence nicotine yield and found that increasing power output from 3 to 7.5 W (an approximately 2.5-fold increase), by increasing the voltage from 3.3 to 5.2 V, led to an approximately 4- to 5-fold increase in nicotine yield." [43] A 2015 study, using a model to approximate indoor air workplace exposure, anticipates greatly reduced exposure to nicotine from e-cigarettes than traditional cigarettes

Total NNAL or PAHs were found to have substantial relationships with nicotine metabolites (cotinine and trans-3-hydroxycotinine)

They found that Latino smokers had the lowest concentrations of cotinine and NNAL

Another study published in Tobacco Control underscores these concerns: Just as e-cigarettes, particularly the J UUL-style, promoted with a modern, high-tech image and harm reduction and smokeless messages, appeal to adolescents, it is likely that IQOS, marketed in a similar manner, will also appeal to adolescents. To prevent youth access to IQOS and exposure to its advertising and promotion, the FDA is placing restrictions on how the products are marketed especially through websites and social media and requiring that advertising is targeted to adults
