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Electronic cigarettes Electronic cigarettes (ECs), developed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, were initially hypothesized to reduce nicotine dependence and diminish adverse health effects due to the absence of tar and incomplete combustion byproducts

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The sooner you stop, the lower your risk of cancer

doi: 10.1002/cre2.683

Research suggests that this is not the case

Model validation The validity of the meta-analytic tool has been extensively evaluated by Zheng and colleagues using simulation experiments 28,29