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GLP-1s for Rheumatoid Arthritis For people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are also overweight or who have obesity, GLP-1s may offer additional benefits

Zhonghua Xinxueguanbing Zazhi

Furthermore, a national cohort study found that a notable percentage of patients (up to 10%) required revisional surgery within 5 years of follow-up [16]

The incretin effect of GLP-1 leads to a marked postprandial increase in circulating levels, which enhances insulin secretion.23,24 Elevated postprandial GLP-1 concentrations may be influenced by mechanical stimuli such as gastric distension,3,25 which also activates GLP-1-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).26 These responses may involve oxytocin-mediated vagal afferent signaling and contribute to the central GLP-1 systems role in promoting a negative energy balance.27,28 Beyond mechanical stimuli, classical satiety hormones, such as cholecystokinin, augment both central GLP-1 neuronal activity and peripheral GLP-1 release;29 however, the concentrations of cholecystokinin required to stimulate peripheral GLP-1 secretion may exceed physiological levels.30 GLP-1 secretion is modulated by various peptides, neurotransmitters, and nutrients, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and amino acids, highlighting the complexity of its regulatory mechanisms.3,31 GLP-1 exerts its effects via the G-protein-coupled receptor,32,33 which is expressed on pancreatic beta cells as well as neurons within the central and peripheral nervous systems

These drugs have already changed the lives of many people with diabetes and those trying to lose weight

It has been shown that an increased percentage of fat, adipose tissue dysfunction, and IR lead to increased levels of FFAs and carbohydrates