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GLP-1 mechanism of action when blood sugar levels increase (Source: References[1]) Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by intestinal L cells

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In essence, while GLP-1 refers broadly to a hormone and the class of medications developed from its properties, Ozempic represents a specific, branded medication within this therapeutic class

Therefore, a possible mechanism proposed by the authors is that the activation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) by exendin-4 stimulates the expression of FGF15 in the small intestine and inhibits the expression of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp7a1) in the liver through fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), thereby reducing fecal bile acid excretion and liver bile acid synthesis [75]

There appear to be species differences in pancreatic Dpp4 expression