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For example, some GLP-1-based medicines primarily activate the GLP-1 receptor, while dual agonists may involve both GLP-1 and GIP

This is in line with the fact that, although some studies have shown the presence of the GLP-1R in other parts of the heart (Wei and Mojsov, 1995

However, native GLP-1 has a limited half-life (1.55 min) due to its degradation by the enzyme Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), necessitating the development of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with longer activity (Campbell and Drucker 2013)

While GLP-1 medications are not FDA-approved specifically for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), they may be helpful in managing some symptoms, especially insulin resistance and weight gain

Excess aldosterone, in addition to increasing tubular sodium reabsorption, activates inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways and promotes vascular remodelling [15]

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