history of glp 1 agonists glp-1 A timeline of GLP- discovery and clinical development. Created in Mechanisms of action of GLP-1RA.

Abbreviations ADA: American Diabetes Association AE: Adverse event ASCVD: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease CI: Confidence interval CKD: Chronic kidney disease CVOT: Cardiovascular outcomes trial EASD: European Association for the Study of Diabetes eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate GLP-1RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c HF: Heart failure HHF: Hospitalization for heart failure HR: Hazard ratio MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events OR: Odds ratio RCT: Randomized controlled trial RR: Relative risk SBP: Systolic blood pressure SGLT2i: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus References Daz-Trastoy O, Villar-Taibo R, Sifontes-Dubn M, Mozo-Pealver H, Bernabeu-Morn I, Cabezas-Agrcola JM, et al

Especially for older adults who have the most to gain from a drug that lowers the risk of heart disease but also need to preserve muscle strength combining a muscle-preserving drug with GLP-1 agonists could be a big deal

The capacity to develop oxidative stress, arrhythmias, and HF are all associated with, and at least partly driven by, intracellular cardiomyocyte Na + and Ca 2+ concentrations [115,116,117]

Exenatide prescribing information

The increase in semaglutide is gradual and can be altered to scale up every 30 days when ingested orally

doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.105