is glp 1 insulin GLP-1 Genetics: How Genes Affect Appetite, Semaglutide, and Tirzepatide Response GLP-1R and Diabetes

2018 ACC Expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Conceio-Furber E, Coskun T, Sloop KW, Samms RJ

These drugs fall within two categories: human GLP-1 backbone agents (that is, albiglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide and semaglutide) and exendin-4 backbone agents (that is, exenatide, lixisenatide and tirzepatidethe latter activating both GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors) 1

However, based also on small histopathologic studies that pointed to a marked expansion of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic compartments with the use of incretin-based therapies, the former being accompanied by increased proliferation and dysplasia and the latter by -cell hyperplasia with the potential for evolution into neuroendocrine tumors [105], concerns remain [106], and monitoring for and reporting of pancreatic adverse effects will continue [104]

Exenatide mitigated diet-induced vascular aging and atherosclerotic plaque growth in ApoE-deficient mice under chronic stress

This suggests that GLP-1 RAs may be most appropriate for adolescents with established obesity who have not responded to comprehensive lifestyle interventions