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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a glucoregulatory hormone synthetized in the intestines and the brain, involved in the maintenance of energy homeostasis mainly by stimulating insulin secretion and regulation of appetite

Aust N Z J Psychiatr

Developed by MCT2D Co-Director and clinical pharmacist Heidi Diez, PharmD and MKIC Directors Michael Heung, MD, Julie Wright, MD, MPH, and Rajiv Saran, MD, MBBS, MS, with Lauren Oshman, MD, MPH

Employing preclinical, ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro model systems investigators determined that GLP-1 agonists exert anti-inflammatory and immune modulating effects through their effects on macrophages (reduced interleukin [IL] 1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF], and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand [CXCL]), T and B lymphocytes (reduced cluster of differentiation [CD] 4 cells), monocytes (increased IL-10), mononuclear cells (decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP]1, cell death protein [PD],, CD4 and CD8 T cells) [5155]

SSIBs, recognized as significant ADRs, have garnered widespread acknowledgment as critical factors that may jeopardize patient safety [15]

First-time prescribing of AOMs was about the same in December 2025, relative to September 2025 (-1.0%)