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The inner mitochondrial membrane of BAT contains a high density of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which translocates protons to the mitochondrial matrix, uncoupling substrate oxidation from ATP production and generating heat

Patients will still require monitoring and medication

Zepbound (tirzepatide): A dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist with superior efficacy in trials

Patients with needle anxiety may benefit from using ice to numb the area first, applying pressure just before needle insertion, or working with a healthcare partner to administer injections initially until confidence builds

These medications mimic the hormone GLP-1 to help regulate appetite, reduce food cravings, and improve blood sugar control

Without a pre-treatment A1c, that improvement is invisible