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This can occur even without full anemia, a condition known as non-anemic iron deficiency

Exenatide treatment ameliorates these morphological alterations and inhibits the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by suppressing cytochrome c release and favorably modulating the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax, caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins, thereby protecting RGC-5 cells from hyperglycemic injury [43]

Figure 28: Photograph of the gastrointestinal researchers at Bispebjerg Hospital in 1975, credit: Figure 1.3.3, Holst 2024
NAION occurs when blood flow to the optic disc is blocked, causing swelling which could lead to vision loss

Some comparisons suggest Ozempic 1mg produces similar or better results than Trulicity 4.5mg for blood sugar control, but individual responses vary significantly

Heres what to do: Stay well-hydrated