incretin mimetic agents glp 1 receptor agonists GLP-1 and the kidney: from physiology to pharmacology and outcomes in diabetes The Influence of Glucagon-like Peptide-1

Early GLP-1 RAs like exenatide (approved 2005) and liraglutide (2010) were administered as daily injections for type 2 diabetes (T2D)

Caution is advised in patients with a history of pancreatitis, severe gastroparesis, or diabetic retinopathy

It shows the potential side effects of 12 of the most common prescription and over-the-counter medications in the U.S

Amgen is developing a GLP-1/GIP dual agonist called MariTide (currently in phase 3 trials expected to complete in 2027), which is administered as a once-monthly injection

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Metformin also works well as a foundation medication when combined with GLP-1 therapy