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This review synthesizes current evidence regarding SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in DKD, examines their mechanisms and clinical outcomes, and highlights future research directions to address ongoing therapeutic needs

Additionally, it enhances data reliability by avoiding potential reverse etiologies or inconsistencies in immediate post-transplant records

The delayed gastric emptying effect may theoretically alter the absorption of oral medications with narrow therapeutic indices

This dual mechanism appears to produce faster and more pronounced appetite suppression for many patients, along with greater total weight loss

Collectively, GLP-1-RAs are involved in the regulation of DNP mainly through the suppression of matrix remodeling, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as the improvement of neural structure and function [90,91,92,93] (Fig

She has received grants from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen and Sanofi-Aventis and Eli Lilly