glp-1 agonists and sglt2 inhibitors APhA 2025: Receptor vs Show Varied Benefit for Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2

1 READ MORE: GLP-1 Agonists Associated with Doubled Risk of Neovascular AMD, Study Finds NAION moves the discussion beyond the retina A 2024 matched cohort study reporting increased NAION incidence among semaglutide-prescribed patients drew wide attention across ophthalmology, prompting debate over whether the association reflects a true optic nerve safety signal or the underlying vascular risk profiles of diabetic and obese populations

These proteins, in turn, stimulate ovarian cell growth and proliferation (216) ( Figure 6 )

The microbiota can also independently produce or promote the production of many neuroactive molecules, including but not limited to gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine

10.1056/NEJM199901143400207 2

This review synthesizes current evidence regarding SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in DKD, examines their mechanisms and clinical outcomes, and highlights future research directions to address ongoing therapeutic needs

GLP-1 receptor agonists are medications that mimic this natural hormone