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Description
Copper ionophores such as dithiocarbamates are lipophilic ligands that binds to Cu(I) or Cu(II) to form charge neutral hydrophobic complexes, allowing diffusion of copper ions across membrane (Ding and Lind 2009

Clinical practice and experimental research have confirmed that the Astragalus genus and its extracts can treat DKD by regulating the Wnt/-catenin pathway

Hemingway, J

A: GHK refers to the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine without the copper ion, while GHK-Cu includes the copper(II) chelate

Biochem Biophys Acta 1863 9:22342244

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