tobacco shamanism Shaman's Revenge? Surveying nearly three hundred societies Hapé & Ceremonial Smoke –

Considered hot as a substance, it was used against cold diseases such as gout and swelling of the belly (treated by placing picietl in the navel), and as a rubdown to relieve fatigue (ditto)

Using older data (going back more than 20 years) yields a PED estimate that is substantially smaller than when the data are restricted to only the most recent handful of years

retailers and consumers

Deposition of cigarette smoke particles in the human respiratory tract

People were alarmed and afraid at the vision of a man blowing smoke out of his mouth and nose, believing it to be the work of Satan

preparations of "unpreserved plant juice" retained infectivity after 50 years (Silber & Burk, 1965), although a temperature-sensitive, nitrous acid-induced mutant is much less stable (Hariharasubramanian et al ., 1970)