glp 1 discovery The transformative breakthroughs in GLP-1 research recognized by the 2024 Lasker~DeBakey award | Current Medicine Reflections on the discovery GLP-1

Novo Nordisk was permitted to bombard the American public with TV ads for Wegovy for nine months before the medications supply shortage was deemed resolved by the FDA

Importantly, there are heterogenous populations of GABA neurons in the VTA, including GABA interneurons

ADA = American Diabetes Association, AUC = area under the curve, GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c, IS-SI = insulin secretion-sensitivity index, OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test, PET/CT = positron emission tomography/ computed tomography, P-glucose = plasma glucose, XR = extended release

Here's what we'll cover Here's what we'll cover Here's what we'll cover Key takeaways GLP-1 agonists like Wegovy and Zepbound, lipase inhibitors such as Xenical and Alli, phentermine, and combination medications like Qsymia and Contrave are medications that may help aid in weight loss

Preclinical studies have identified that GLP-1 analogs such as exendin-4 and GLP-1RAs have direct anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to their cardio- and neuroprotective nature.[42] GLP-1RAs can also directly interact with cardiomyocytes, inducing receptor-mediated ischemic conditioning that decreases myocardial infarct size in test animals receiving GLP-1RAs.[43] Similar effects were noted in rodent brains, with liraglutide reducing cerebral infarct volume in rats.[42] Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) also identified that exenatide similarly reduced myocardial infarct size and liraglutide reduced the resulting necrotic area in human patients following a MI.[43] This may account for the reduced need for coronary revascularization in patients on GLP-1RAs.[12] Despite the findings of overall improvements to composite cardiovascular outcomes, GLP-1RAs showed a non-significant trend toward reducing MI risk and did not affect rates of hospitalization for unstable angina in patients with diabetes.[12] These agents tend to have a stronger effect on stroke reduction in such patients, highlighting the complexity and variability of cardiovascular disease and its sequelae

Importantly, in 2021, semaglutide at a 2.4 mg injection was the first drug to be approved in the United States since 2014 for chronic weight management in obese and overweight patients [9]