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(eds) 1997 Cigarette smoking behavior in the United States National Institutes of Health: Bethesda, MD Califano J, Leong P, Koch W, Eisenberger C, Sidransky D, Westra W

Caffeine intake among undergraduate students: sex differences, sources, motivations, and associations with smoking status and self-reported sleep quality

These effects are typically short-lived and are more common among new users or those who are sensitive to nicotine

Indeed, in an Italian longitudinal study on people aged 3075 years [17], exclusive e-cigarette users were much more likely to have switched to tobacco smoking after 2 years of follow-up (38.9%) than to have quit whatever type of smoking (18.8%)

doi: 10.1007/s00253-017-8282-9

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